Plasma Membrane

       Plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane. A thin, delicate and elastic, selectively- permeable / semipermeable living boundary providing separation between intracellular and extracellular environment.

 

v  Composition: Majorly 3 component consist the cell membrane.

                                                                    I.            Lipid

                                                                  II.            Protein

                                                               III.            Carbohydrate

I.                    Lipid include Phospholipid and cholestenone.

II.                  Protein(50%):- Two types of protein

a)       Integral protein also known as Intrinsic

b)      Peripheral protein also known as extrinsic.

III.               Carbohydrates (1-10%)

 

v  Fluid Mosaic Model (Siqnger and Nicolson in 1972) protein are arranged in phospholipid layer as mosaic pattern.

 

             Phospholipid:- Cell membrane is composed of lipids and arranged in bilayer. The main structure          component forming bilayer, they have hydrophilic and two hydrophobic (H2O repelling)

             Semipermiable:-

ð  Small molecule O2, CO2 can cross.

ð  Large molecules glucose and other sugars

ð  Ions (polymer molecules) can’t cross.

 

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      Protein (50%):

       Integral Membrane Protein: These proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and after span across it ( transmembrane protein). They can act as channel or carries for signalling or enzymes.

      Peripheral Membrane Protein: These protein are loosely associated with the membrane surface, either on the inner or outer side. They can play roles in cell signalling, Cell structure or enzyme activity.

 

Function Of Cell Membrane:

1)      Barrier and protection

2)      Selective Permeability: Control which substance can pass through it.

ð  This allow the cell to take in essential nutrient and expel waste product while blocking harmful substance.

ð  The membrane uses various mechanism like diffusion, osmosis, active transport to move substance in and out of the cell.

3)      Cell Communication: Proteins embedded in the all membrane act as receptors, allowing cell to communicate with each other and respond to signal from the environment.

 

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